Brr...It’s Chilly Out There: How Animals Deal With the Cold

December 7, 2020 • by Nicole Elmer
header

Northern Bat (Eptesicus nilssonii), a hibernating bat species. Photo: Magne FlåtenGNU Free Documentation License


turtles

Turtles at the UT turtle pond, getting some sun on a cool day.

ice-crawler

Ice crawler on an alpine snow field in California (Grylloblatta sp. ice crawler) Photo: Alex Wild

WHAT ABOUT INSECTS?

Insects are not immune to changes in weather either. Many are short-lived and spend the warmer months mating and laying eggs before dying at the onset of cold weather. Some insects, like the Monarch butterfly for a well-known example, will migrate to warmer climates. Others experience diapause. Diapause is period of dormancy marked by reduction of metabolic activity, similar to hibernation, but without some of the bursts of activity seen during hibernation and brumation. There is also a cessation of development.

Diapause can happen at any stage of an insect’s life cycle. For example, the offspring of those insects that die at the end of mating season remain dormant during cooler months until warmth signals it’s time to emerge, mate, and start the cycle over again.

Some insects also have enough proteins and sugar alcohols like glycerol in their cells that act as antifreeze. For example, the woolly arctic moth caterpillar produces alcohols that allow them to survive temperatures as low at -70 degrees Fahrenheit. Others, like the Antarctic midge (Belgica antarctica), also dehydrate to the point where there is almost no water in their bodies to freeze.

SOURCES:

“Ask a Naturalist: Hibernation vs. brumation vs. estivation.” January 13, 2016. Discovery Place blog. (https://nature.discoveryplace.org/blog/ask-a-naturalist-hibernation-vs.-brumation-vs.-estivation)

“Hibernating Mammals and Brumating Reptiles: What’s the Difference?” January 20, 2014. The Infinite Spider. (https://infinitespider.com/hibernating-mammals-brumating-reptiles-whats-difference/)

“Why do animals hibernate?” (https://www.teatown.org/hibernation/)

Bittel, Jason. “Ever Wondered: Where do bugs go in the winter?” The Washington Post, April 22, 2019. (https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/kidspost/ever-wondered-where-do-bugs-go-in-winter/2019/04/18/f09b3a10-563d-11e9-814f-e2f46684196e_story.html)

Panko, Ben. “What Do Insects Do in Winter?” Smithsonianmag.com February 15. 2017. (https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/what-do-insects-do-winter-180962183/)

Reynolds, Julie. “How Insects Prepare for Winter.” Scientific American, October 15, 2018. (https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/how-insects-prepare-for-winter/)

Vaugh, Don. “Why Do Some Animals Hibernate?” Britannica (https://www.britannica.com/story/why-do-some-animals-hibernate)

Share


header

Features

Meet Stengl-Wyer Scholar: Marina Hutchins

header

Features

Meet Thomas Schiefer